# Questions & Answers of Electrical Machines

#### Topics of Electrical Machines 104 Question(s) | Weightage 14 (Marks)

In a constant V/f induction motor drive, the slip at the maximum torque

Consider a system consisting of a synchronous generator working at a lagging power factor, a synchronous motor working at an overexcited condition and a directly grid-connected induction generator. Consider capacitive VAr to be a source and inductive VAr to be a sink of reactive power. Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

A 4-pole, lap-connected, separately excited dc motor is drawing a steady current of 40 A while running at 600 rpm. A good approximation for the waveshape of the current in an armature conductor of the motor is given by

A single-phase 400 V, 50 Hz transformer has an iron loss of 5000 W at the rated condition. When operated at 200 V, 25 Hz, the iron loss is 2000 W. When operated at 416 V, 52 Hz, the value of the hysteresis loss divided by the eddy current loss is ______.

A DC shunt generator delivers 45 A at a terminal voltage of 220 V. The armature and the shunt field resistances are 0.01 Ω and 44 Ω respectively. The stray losses are 375 W. The percentage efficiency of the DC generator is ____________.

A three-phase, 50 Hz salient-pole synchronous motor has a per-phase direct-axis reactance (Xd) of 0.8 pu and a per-phase quadrature-axis reactance (Xq) of 0.6 pu. Resistance of the machine is negligible. It is drawing full-load current at 0.8 pf (leading). When the terminal voltage is 1 pu,per-phase induced voltage, in pu, is _________.

A single-phase, 22 kVA, 2200 V/ 220 V, 50 Hz, distribution transformer is to be connected as an auto-transformer to get an output voltage of 2420 V. Its maximum kVA rating as an autotransformer is

The direction of rotation of a single-phase capacitor run induction motor is reversed by

The power consumption of an industry is 500 kVA, at 0.8 p.f. lagging. A synchronous motor is added to raise the power factor of the industry to unity. If the power intake of the motor is 100 kW, the p.f. of the motor is _____________

The flux linkage $\left(\lambda \right)$ and current $\left(i\right)$ relation for an electromagnetic system is $\style{font-family:Arial}{\lambda=\left(\sqrt i\right)/\mathrm g}$. When i=2A and g (air-gap length) = 10 cm, the magnitude of mechanical force on the moving part, in N, is ________.

The starting line current of a 415 V, 3-phase, delta connected induction motor is 120 A, when the rated voltage is applied to its stator winding. The starting line current at a reduced voltage of 110 V, in ampere, is _________.

A single-phase, 2 kVA, 100/200 V transformer is reconnected as an auto-transformer such that its kVA rating is maximum. The new rating, in kVA, is ______.

Three single-phase transformers are connected to form a delta-star three-phase transformer of 110 kV/ 11 kV. The transformer supplies at 11 kV a load of 8 MW at 0.8 p.f. lagging to a nearby plant. Neglect the transformer losses. The ratio of phase currents in delta side to star side is

A separately excited DC generator has an armature resistance of 0.1$\Omega$ and negligible armature inductance. At rated field current and rated rotor speed, its open-circuit voltage is 200 V. When this generator is operated at half the rated speed, with half the rated field current, an un-charged 1000 µF capacitor is suddenly connected across the armature terminals. Assume that the speed remains unchanged during the transient. At what time (in microsecond) after the capacitor is connected will the voltage across it reach 25 V?

The primary mmf is least affected by the secondary terminal conditions in a

A 3-phase 50 Hz square wave (6-step) VSI feeds a 3-phase, 4 pole induction motor. The VSI line voltage has a dominant 5th harmonic component. If the operating slip of the motor with respect to fundamental component voltage is 0.04, the slip of the motor with respect to 5th harmonic component of voltage is ________.

A separately excited DC motor runs at 1000 rpm on no load when its armature terminals are connected to a 200V DC source and the rated voltage is applied to the field winding. The armature resistance of this motor is 1$\mathrm{\Omega }$. The no-load armature current is negligible. With the motor developing its full load torque, the armature voltage is set so that the rotor speed is 500 rpm. When the load torque is reduced to 50% of the full load value under the same armature voltage conditions, the speed rises to 520 rpm. Neglecting the rotational losses, the full load armature current (in Ampere) is _______.

1. A DC motor has the following specifications: 10 hp, 37.5 A, 230V; flux/pole = 0.01 Wb,number of poles = 4, number of conductors = 666, number of parallel paths = 2. Armature resistance = 0.267$\mathrm{\Omega }$. The armature reaction is negligible and rotational losses are 600W. The motor operates from a 230V DC supply. If the motor runs at 1000 rpm, the output torque produced in (in Nm) is __________.

A 200/400 V, 50 Hz, two-winding transformer is rated at 20 kVA. Its windings are connected as an auto-transformer of rating 200/600 V. A resistive load of 12$\mathrm{\Omega }$ is connected to the high voltage (600 V) side of the auto-transformer. The value of equivalent load resistance (in Ohm) as seen from low voltage side is _________.

Two single-phase transformers T1 and T2 each rated at 500 kVA are operated in parallel. Percentage impedances of T1 and T2 are (1+j6) and (0.8+j4.8), respectively. To share a load of 1000 kVA at 0.8 lagging power factor, the contribution of T2 (in kVA) is _________.

The figure shows the per-phase equivalent circuit of a two-pole three-phase induction motor operating at 50 Hz. The “air-gap” voltage, ${V}_{g}$ across the magnetizing inductance, is 210 V rms, and the slip, s, is 0.005. The torque (in Nm) produced by the motor is ______.

A 4-pole, separately excited, wave wound DC machine with negligible armature resistance is rated for 230 V and 5 kW at a speed of 1200 rpm. If the same armature coils are reconnected to forms a lap winding, what is the rated voltage (in volts) and power (in kW) respectively at 1200 rpm of the reconnected machine if the field circuit is left unchanged?

An 8-pole, 3-phase, 50 Hz induction motor is operating at a speed of 700 rpm. The frequency of the rotor current of the motor in Hz is ____________.

For a specified input voltage and frequency, if the equivalent radius of the core of a transformer is reduced by half, the factor by which the number of turns in the primary should change to maintain the same no load current is

A star connected 400 V, 50 Hz, 4 pole synchronous machine gave the following open circuit and short circuit test results:
Open circuit test: Voc = 400 V (rms, line-to-line) at field current, If = 2.3 A
Short circuit test: Isc = 10 A (rms, phase) at field current, If = 1.5 A

The value of per phase synchronous impedance in Ω at rated voltage is __________.

The core loss of a single phase, 230/115 V, 50 Hz power transformer is measured from 230 V side by feeding the primary (230 V side) from a variable voltage variable frequency source while keeping the secondary open circuited. The core loss is measured to be 1050 W for 230 V, 50 Hz input. The core loss is again measured to be 500 W for 138 V, 30 Hz input. The hysteresis and eddy current losses of the transformer for 230 V, 50 Hz input are respectively,

A 15 kW, 230 V dc shunt motor has armature circuit resistance of 0.4 Ω and field circuit resistance of 230 Ω. At no load and rated voltage, the motor runs at 1400 rpm and the line current drawn by the motor is 5 A. At full load, the motor draws a line current of 70 A. Neglect armature reaction. The full load speed of the motor in rpm is _________.

A 3 phase, 50 Hz, six pole induction motor has a rotor resistance of 0.1 Ω and reactance of 0.92 Ω. Neglect the voltage drop in stator and assume that the rotor resistance is constant. Given that the full load slip is 3%, the ratio of maximum torque to full load torque is

A three phase synchronous generator is to be connected to the infinite bus. The lamps are connected as shown in the figure for the synchronization. The phase sequence of bus voltage is R-Y-B and that of incoming generator voltage is R'-Y'-B'.

It was found that the lamps are becoming dark in the sequence La-Lb-Lc. It means that the phase sequence of incoming generator is

A single phase, 50 kVA, 1000V/100 V two winding transformer is connected as an autotransformer as shown in the figure.

The kVA rating of the autotransformer is _____________.

A three-phase, 4-pole, self excited induction generator is feeding power to a load at a frequency f1. If the load is partially removed, the frequency becomes f2. If the speed of the generator is maintained at 1500 rpm in both the cases, then

In a constant V/f control of induction motor, the ratio V/f is maintained constant from 0 to base frequency, where V is the voltage applied to the motor at fundamental frequency f. Which of the following statements relating to low frequency operation of the motor is TRUE?

A 250 V dc shunt machine has armature circuit resistance of 0.6 Ω and field circuit resistance of 125 Ω. The machine is connected to 250 V supply mains. The motor is operated as a generator and then as a motor separately. The line current of the machine in both the cases is 50 A. The ratio of the speed as a generator to the speed as a motor is ____________.

A three-phase slip-ring induction motor, provided with a commutator winding, is shown in the figure. The motor rotates in clockwise direction when the rotor windings are closed.

If the rotor winding is open circuited and the system is made to run at rotational speed fr with the help of prime-mover in anti-clockwise direction, then the frequency of voltage across slip rings is f1 and frequency of voltage across commutator brushes is f2. The values of f1 and f2 respectively are

A 20-pole alternator is having 180 identical stator slots with 6 conductors in each slot. All the coils of a phase are in series. If the coils are connected to realize single-phase winding, the generated voltage is V1. If the coils are reconnected to realize three-phase star-connected winding, the generated phase voltage is V2. Assuming full pitch, single-layer winding, the ratio V1/V2 is

For a single phase, two winding transformer, the supply frequency and voltage are both increased by 10%. The percentage changes in the hysteresis loss and eddy current loss, respectively, are

A synchronous generator is connected to an infinite bus with excitation voltage Ef = 1.3 pu. The generator has a synchronous reactance of 1.1 pu and is delivering real power (P) of 0.6 pu to the bus. Assume the infinite bus voltage to be 1.0 pu. Neglect stator resistance. The reactive power (Q) in pu supplied by the generator to the bus under this condition is _________.

There are two generators in a power system. No-load frequencies of the generators are 51.5 Hz and 51 Hz, respectively, and both are having droop constant of 1 Hz/MW. Total load in the system is 2.5 MW. Assuming that the generators are operating under their respective droop characteristics, the frequency of the power system in Hz in the steady state is ___________.

In a synchronous machine, hunting is predominantly damped by

A single phase induction motor is provided with capacitor and centrifugal switch in series with auxiliary winding. The switch is expected to operate at a speed of 0.7 Ns, but due to malfunctioning the switch fails to operate. The torque-speed characteristic of the motor is represented by

The no-load speed of a 230 V separately excited dc motor is 1400 rpm. The armature resistance drop and the brush drop are neglected. The field current is kept constant at rated value. The torque of the motor in Nm for an armature current of 8 A is ____________.

The torque-speed characteristics of motor (TM) and load (TL) for two cases are shown in the figures (a) and (b). The load torque is equal to motor torque at points P, Q, R and S

The stable operating points are

An open circuit test is performed on 50 Hz transformer, using variable frequency source and keeping V/f ratio constant, to separate its eddy current and hysteresis losses. The variation of core loss/frequency as function of frequency is shown in the figure

The hysteresis and eddy current losses of the transformer at 25 Hz respectively are

A non-salient pole synchronous generator having synchronous reactance of 0.8 pu is supplying 1 pu power to a unity power factor load at a terminal voltage of 1.1 pu. Neglecting the armature resistance, the angle of the voltage behind the synchronous reactance with respect to the angle of the terminal voltage in degrees is ________.

A separately excited 300 V DC shunt motor under no load runs at 900 rpm drawing an armature current of 2 A. The armature resistance is 0.5 Ω and leakage inductance is 0.01 H. When loaded, the armature current is 15 A. Then the speed in rpm is _____

The load shown in the figure absorbs 4 kW at a power factor of 0.89 lagging.

Assuming the transformer to be ideal, the value of the reactance X to improve the input power factor to unity is ___________.

The parameters measured for a 220V/110V, 50 Hz, single-phase transformer are:
Self inductance of primary winding = 45 mH
Self inductance of secondary winding = 30 mH
Mutual inductance between primary and secondary windings = 20 mH
Using the above parameters, the leakage (Ll1 , Ll2) and magnetizing (Lm) inductances as referred to primary side in the equivalent circuit respectively, are

A single-phase transformer has no-load loss of 64 W, as obtained from an open-circuit test. When a short-circuit test is performed on it with 90% of the rated currents flowing in its both LV and HV windings, the measured loss is 81 W. The transformer has maximum efficiency when operated at

The angle δ in the swing equation of a synchronous generator is the

Leakage flux in an induction motor is

A 4-pole induction motor, supplied by a slightly unbalanced three-phase 50 Hz source, is rotating at 1440 rpm. The electrical frequency in Hz of the induced negative sequence current in the rotor is

The slip of an induction motor normally does not depend on

A 220 V, 15 kW, 1000 rpm shunt motor with armature resistance of 0.25Ω; has a rated line current of 68 A and a rated field current of 2.2 A. The change in field flux required to obtain a speed of 1600 rpm while drawing a line current of 52.8 A and a field current of 1.8 A is

The locked rotor current in a 3-phase, star connected 15 kW, 4-pole, 230 V, 50 Hz induction motor at rated conditions is 50 A. Neglecting losses and magnetizing current, the approximate locked rotor line current drawn when the motor is connected to a 236 V, 57 Hz supply is

A single phase 10 kVA, 50 Hz transformer with 1 kV primary winding draws 0.5 A and 55 W, at rated voltage and frequency, on no load. A second transformer has a core with all its linear dimensions $\sqrt{2}$ times the corresponding dimensions of the first transformer. The core material and lamination thickness are the same in both transformers. The primary windings of both the transformers have the same number of turns. If a rated voltage of 2 kV at 50 Hz is applied to the primary of the second transformer, then the no load current and power, respectively, are

A 4 point starter is used to start and control the speed of a

A three phase, salient pole synchronous motor is connected to an infinite bus. It is operated at no load a normal excitation. The field excitation of the motor is first reduced to zero and then increased in reverse direction gradually. Then the armature current

A single phase air core transformer, fed from a rated sinusoidal supply, is operating at no load. The steady state magnetizing current drawn by the transformer from the supply will have the waveform

A 220 V, DC shunt motor is operating at a speed of 1440 rpm. The armature resistance is 1.0 Ω and armature current is 10 A. If the excitation of the machine is reduced by 10%, the extra resistance to be put in the armature circuit to maintain the same speed and torque will be

A three-phase 440 V, 6 pole, 50 Hz, squirrel cage induction motor is running at a slip of 5%. The speed of stator magnetic field to rotor magnetic field and speed of rotor with respect of stator magnetic field are

The direct axis and quadrature axis reactances of a salient pole alternator are 1.2 p.u and 1.0 p.u respectively. The armature resistance is negligible. If this alternator is delivering rated kVA at upf and at rated voltage then its power angle is

A single-phase transformer has a turns ratio of 1:2, and is connected to a purely resistive load as shown in the figure. The magnetizing current drawn is 1A, and the secondary current is 1A. If core losses and leakage reactances are neglected, the primary current is

A balanced three-phase voltage is applied to a star-connected induction motor, the phase to neutral voltage being V. The stator resistance, rotor resistance referred to the stator, stator leakage reactance, rotor leakage reactance referred to the stator, and the magnetizing reactance are denoted by rs, rr, xs , xr and Xm , respectively. The magnitude of the starting current of the motor is given by

A balanced star-connected and purely resistive load is connected at the secondary of a star-delta transformer as shown in the figure. The line-to-line voltage rating of the transformer is 110V/220V. Neglecting the non-idealities of the transformer, the impedance 'Z' of the equivalent star-connected load, referred to the primary side of the transformer, is

A separately excited DC motor runs at 1500 rpm under no-load with 200 V applied to the armature. The field voltage is maintained at its rated value. The speed of the motor, when it delivers a torque of 5 Nm, is 1400 rpm as shown in the figure. The rotational losses and armature reaction are neglected.

The armature resistance of the motor is.

A separately excited DC motor runs at 1500 rpm under no-load with 200 V applied to the armature. The field voltage is maintained at its rated value. The speed of the motor, when it delivers a torque of 5 Nm, is 1400 rpm as shown in the figure. The rotational losses and armature reaction are neglected.

For the motor to deliver a torque of 2.5 Nm at 1400 rpm the armature voltage to be applied is

A field excitation of 20 A in a certain alternator results in an armature current of 400A in short circuit and a terminal voltage of 2000V on open circuit. The magnitude of the internal voltage drop within the machine at a load current of 200A is

The single phase, 50Hz, iron core transformer in the circuit has both the vertical arms of cross sectional area 20cm2 and both the horizontal arms of cross sectional area 10cm2. If the two windings shown were wound instead on opposite horizontal arms, the mutual inductance will

A 3-phase squirrel cage induction motor supplied from a balanced 3-phase source drives a mechanical  load. The torque-speed characteristics of the motor (solid curve) and of the load (dotted curve) are shown. Of the two equilibrium points A and B, which of the following options correctly describes the stability of A and B?

A 220V, 50Hz, single-phase induction motor has the following connection diagram and winding orientations shown. MM' is the axis of the main stator winding (M1M2) and AA' is that of the auxiliary winding (A1A2). Directions of the winding axes indicate direction of flux when currents in the windings are in the directions shown. Parameters of each winding are indicated. When switch S is closed, the motor

Figure shows the extended view of a 2 pole dc machine with 10 armature conductors. Normal brush positions are shown by A and B, placed at the interpolar axis. If the brushes are now shifted, in the direction of rotation, to A' and B' as shown, the voltage waveform VA'B' will resemble

The star-delta transformer shown above is excited on the star side with a balanced, 4-wire, 3-phase, sinusoidal voltage supply of rated magnitude. The transformer is under no load condition.

With both S1 and S2 open, the core flux waveform will be

The star-delta transformer shown above is excited on the star side with a balanced, 4-wire, 3-phase, sinusoidal voltage supply of rated magnitude. The transformer is under no load condition.

With S2 closed and S1 open, the current waveform in the delta winding will be

The circuit diagram shows a two winding, lossless transformer with no leakage flux, excited from a current source, i(t), whose waveform is also shown. The transformer has a magnetizing inductance of 400/$\pi$mH.

The peak voltage across A and B, with S open is

The circuit diagram shows a two winding, lossless transformer with no leakage flux, excited from a current source, i(t), whose waveform is also shown. The transformer has a magnetizing inductance of 400/$\pi$mH.

If the waveform of i(t) is changed to i(t) = 10sin(100$\mathrm{\pi }$t) A, the peak voltage across A and B with S closed is

The figure above shows coils 1 and 2, with dot markings as shown, having 4000 and 6000 turns respectively. Both coils have a rated current of 25 A. Coil 1 is excited with single phase, 400 V, 50 Hz supply

The coils are to be connected to obtain a single phase, 400/1000 V, auto transformer to drive a load of 10kVA. Which of the options given should be exercised to realize the required auto transformer?

The figure above shows coils 1 and 2, with dot markings as shown, having 4000 and 6000 turns respectively. Both coils have a rated current of 25 A. Coil 1 is excited with single phase, 400 V, 50 Hz supply

In the autotransformer obtained in Question 57, the current in each coil is

Distributed winding and short chording employed in AC machines will result in

Three single-phase transformer are connected to form a 3-phase transformer bank.The transformers are connected in the following manner :

The transformer connecting will be represented by