Two 4-ray signal constellations are shown. It is given that $\phi_1$ and $\phi_2$ constitute an orthonormal basis for the two constellations. Assume that the four symbols in both the constellations are equiprobable. Let denote the power spectral density of white Gaussian noise.
If these constellations are used for digital communications over an AWGN channel, then which of the following statements is true?
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