Civil Engineering - GATE 2021 Syllabus

System of Forces; Free-body Diagrams; Equilibrium Equations; Internal forces in Structures; Friction and its Applications; Kinematics of Point mass and Rigid body; Centre of mass; Euler’s equations of Motion; Impulse-Momentum; Energy methods; Principles of Virtual work;

Bending moment and shear force in statically determinate beams; Simple stress and strain relationships; Thories of failures; Simple bending theory; Flexural and Shear stresses; Shear centre; Uniform torsion; Buckling of column; Combined and direct bending stresses;

Statically determinate and indeterminate structures by force/ energy methods; Method of superposition; Analysis of Trusses; Analysis of Arches; Analysis of Beams; Analysis of Cables; Analysis of Frames; Displacement method: Slope deflection; Displacement method: Moment distribution methods; Influence lines; Stiffness and flexibility methods of structural analysis;

Construction Materials: Structural Steel-Composition, Material Properties and Behaviour; Concrete - Constituents, Mix design, Short-term and Long-term Properties; Bricks and Mortar; Timber; Bitumen; Construction Management: Types of construction projects; Tendering and Construction Contracts; Rate Analysis and Standard Specifications; Cost Estimation; Project planning and Network analysis - PERT and CPM.;

Working Stress; Limit State and Ultimate Load Design Concepts; Design of Beams; Design of Slabs; Design of Columns; Bond and Development Length; Prestressed Concrete; Analysis of beam sections at transfer and service loads;

Working stress and Limit state design concepts; Design of tension and compression members; Beams and beam-columns; Column bases; Connections - simple and eccentric; Beam–column connections; Plate girders and trusses; Plastic analysis of beams and frames;

Origin of Soils; Soil Structure and Fabric; Three-phase System and Phase Relationships; Index Properties; Unified and Indian standard soil classification system; Permeability - one dimensional flow; Darcy’s law; Seepage through soils - two-dimensional flow; flow nets; uplift pressure; piping; Principle of Effective Stress; Capillarity; seepage force and quicksand condition; Compaction in laboratory and field conditions; One Dimensional Consolidation; time rate of consolidation; Mohr’s circle; stress paths; effective and total shear strength parameters; characteristics of clays and sand;

Sub-surface investigations - scope; Drilling bore holes; Sampling; Plate load test; Standard Penetration and Cone Peneration Tests; Earth pressure theories - Rankine and Coulomb; Stability of Slopes - Finite and Infinite Slopes; Method of slices and Bishop’s method; Stress distribution in soils - Boussinesq’s and Westergaard’s theories; Pressure Bulbs; Shallow foundations - Terzaghi’s and Meyerhoff’s bearing capacity theories; Effect of water table; Combined footing and raft foundation; Contact pressure; Settlement analysis in sands and clays; Deep foundations - Types of piles; Dynamic and Static formulae; Load capacity of piles in sands and clays; Pile Load Test; Negative skin friction;

Properties of fluids; Fluid Statics; Continuity, Momentum, energy and corresponding equations; Potential flow; Applications of momentum and energy equations; Laminar and turbulent flow; Flow in Pipes, Pipe Networks; Concept of boundary layer and its growth;

Forces on immersed bodies; Flow measurements in channels and pipes; Dimensional analysis and hydraulic similitude; Kinematics of flow; Velocity triangles; Basics of hydraulic machines; specific speed of pumps and turbines; Channel Hydraulics - Energy-depth relationships; Specific Energy; Critical flow; Slope Profile; Hydraulic jump; Uniform flow and gradually varied flow;

Hydrologic cycle; precipitation; Evaporation; evapo-transpiration; watershed; Infiltration; Unit hydrographs; hydrograph analysis; Flood estimation and routing; Reservoir capacity; Reservoir and channel routing; surface run-off models; ground water hydrology - steady state well hydraulics and aquifers; Application of Darcy’s law;

Duty; Delta; Estimation of evapo-transpiration; Crop water requirements; Design of - lined and unlined canals; Head works; Gravity dams and spillways; Design of weirs on permeable foundation; Types of irrigation system; Irrigation methods; Water logging and drainage; Canal regulatory works; cross-drainage structures; outlets and escapes;

Quality standards; Basic unit processes and operations for water treatment; Drinking water standards; Water requirements; Basic unit operations and unit processes for surface water treatment; Distribution of water; Sewage and sewerage treatment; Quantity and characteristics of wastewater; Primary, Secondary and tertiary treatment of wastewater; Effluent discharge standards; Domestic wastewater treatment; Quantity of characteristics of domestic wastewater; Primary and secondary treatment; Unit operations and unit processes of domestic wastewater; Sludge disposal;

Types of pollutants, Their sources and impacts; Air pollution meteorology; Air pollution control; Air quality standards and limits;

Characteristics; Generation, collection and transportation of solid wastes; Engineered systems for solid waste management (Reuse-Recycle , Energy recovery , Treatment and disposal);

Impacts of noise; Permissible limits of noise pollution; Measurement of noise and control of noise pollution;

Highway alignment and Engineering Surveys; Geometric design of Highways - Cross-Sectional elements, Sight distances, Horizontal and Vertical alignments; Geometric design of Railway track; Airport runway length; Taxiway and Exit Taxiway design;

Highway materials - desirable properties and quality control tests; Design of Bituminous paving mixes; Design factors for flexible and rigid pavements; Design of flexible pavement using IRC: 37-2012; Design of rigid pavements using IRC: 58-2011; Distresses in concrete pavements;

Traffic studies on Flow, Speed, Travel time - delay and O-D study, PCU, Peak hour factor, Parking study, Accident study and Analysis, Statistical analysis of Traffic data; Microscopic and macroscopic parameters of traffic flow, fundamental relationships; Control devices, Signal design by Webster’s method; Types of Intersections and Channelization; Highway capacity and Level of service of Rural Highways and Urban Roads;

Principles of Surveying; Errors and their adjustment; Maps - Scale; Coordinate system; Distance and Angle Measurement - Levelling and Trigonometric Levelling; Traversing and Triangulation Survey; Total Station; Horizontal and Vertical Curves; Photogrammetry - Scale, Flying Height; Remote sensing - Basics, Platform and Sensors, Visual Image Interpretation; Basics of Geographical Information System (GIS) and Geographical Positioning System (GPS);

Matrix algebra; Systems of linear equations; Eigen values and eigenvectors;

Functions of single variable; Limit, Continuity and differentiability; Mean value theorems; Evaluation of definite integrals; Evaluation of improper integrals; Partial derivatives; Total derivative; Maxima and minima; Gradient; Divergence; Curl; Vector identities; Directional derivatives; Line integrals; Surface integrals; Volume integrals; Stokes Gauss and Green’s theorems;

First order equations (linear and nonlinear); Higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients; Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations; Initial and boundary value problems; Laplace transforms; Solutions of one dimensional heat and wave equations; Laplace equation;

Analytic functions; Cauchy’s integral theorem; Taylor series; Laurent series;

Definitions of probability; Sampling theorems; Conditional probability; Mean; Median; Mode; Standard deviation; Random variables; Poisson distribution; Normal distribution; Binomial distribution;

Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations; Integration by trapezoidal rule; Integration by Simpson's rule; Single-step methods for differential equations; Multi-step methods for differential equations;